An infinitive is a verb form--often preceded by the particle to--that can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
Examples:
- I don't like to help unless I'm getting paid for it.
- Let me show you the smart way to reach your dream.
- I don't want to achieve immortality through my work.
- I don't want to achieve immortality through my work.
b. Gerund phrase
A gerund is the -ing or -ed or -d form of the verb used as a noun in a sentence. Therefore, a gerund would be used in these positions in a sentence: as a subject, predicate noun, direct object, object of preposition.
A gerund phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund.
Examples:
A gerund phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund.
Examples:
1. - Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we're trying to do.
2. - I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity.
3. - You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.
c. Participial phrase
A participle is the - ing, -ed, -d form of the verb used as an adjective. Therefore it would always be modifying a noun/pronoun.
A participial phrase is made up of a participle and its modifiers. A participle may be followed by an object, an adverb, a prepositional phrase, an adverb clause, or any combination of these.
A participial phrase is made up of a participle and its modifiers. A participle may be followed by an object, an adverb, a prepositional phrase, an adverb clause, or any combination of these.
Examples:
1. - Running swiftly down the street, the boy won the race.
Running swiftly down the street is a participial phrase modifying the subject, boy. It tells which boy you are talking about. He is the one running swiftly down the street.
Running swiftly down the street is a participial phrase modifying the subject, boy. It tells which boy you are talking about. He is the one running swiftly down the street.
2. - Rejected by all his friends, he decided to become a monk.
The participle phrase ‘rejected by all his friends’ describes the pronoun he.
- Most of the people invited to the party didn’t turn up.
- Most of the people invited to the party didn’t turn up.
The participle phrase ‘invited to the party’ describes the noun people.
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